Check out Charity Navigator. They haven’t rated everybody, but they have rated many (and if you register (at no cost), you can suggest charities that you would like to see rated).
Another place to check out how well (and not so well) non-profits do with your donations, at least in Washington, is the Secretary of State’s Charity Search.
Two other items worth noting: Charity Navigator has not yet figured out how to objectively measure a charity’s effectiveness in their programs, so can tell you only how much of their revenue goes to programs (I’m willing to believe, until given evidence otherwise, that an outfit with a higher program-to-administrative spending ratio is likely to also have programs that are at least as effective per dollar as the outfits with more overhead); and the Salvation Army is a religion, not a charity, and does not therefore have to file an IRS 990 (and they have declined to make their financial records available).